1. Pre-Installation Preparation
(1) Substrate Requirements
The substrate must meet four core standards: firmness, flatness, dryness, and cleanliness.
Concrete substrates: Require a curing period of at least 28 days to ensure structural stability. Moisture content must be below 6% to prevent bonding failure or mosaic lifting.
Wooden substrates: Prone to moisture deformation, so additional waterproofing (e.g., waterproof membranes or coatings) and reinforcement (e.g., plywood) are necessary to enhance load-bearing capacity and prevent cracking.
(2) Material Calculation
Accurate material estimation prevents shortages or waste:
Main materials: Add 10%-15% extra to the actual area to account for cutting and repair losses. Confirm specifications and quantity per square meter with suppliers.
Auxiliary materials: Include pebble mosaic-specific adhesive (for strong bonding and compatibility), waterproof grout (especially for wet areas like bathrooms and pools), and penetrating sealer (to enhance stain resistance). Calculate amounts based on product instructions and project size.
2. Detailed Installation Steps
Substrate Treatment
Thoroughly clean the substrate with a broom or vacuum, then wipe with a damp cloth to remove residue. Repair cracks or depressions with cement mortar (concrete) or specialized filler (wood). After drying, sand the surface until smooth and free of protrusions.
Layout Marking
Use a chalk line to mark horizontal and vertical guidelines based on the design. Adhere positioning tape if needed to ensure alignment and pattern accuracy (e.g., symmetry, consistent gap width).
Adhesive Application
Mix specialized adhesive with water according to instructions until smooth. Let it rest for 5-10 minutes, then remix. Using a notched trowel (6-8mm tooth size), apply adhesive at a 45° angle along guidelines. Work in 1-2 sqm sections to prevent premature drying.
Mosaic Installation
Begin laying mosaics along the guidelines, maintaining even gaps (typically 1-2mm). For patterned designs, dry-lay pieces first to ensure seamless transitions and avoid misalignment.
Compaction and Leveling
Gently tap the surface with a rubber mallet to ensure full adhesion and eliminate air pockets. Check flatness with a leveler and adjust any uneven areas promptly.
Grouting
Wait 24 hours for the adhesive to cure. Apply waterproof grout (color-matched to the mosaic) with a grout float, filling gaps completely. Remove excess grout immediately.
Surface Cleaning
Within 30 minutes of grouting, wipe the surface with a damp sponge or soft cloth along the gaps to remove residue. Avoid harsh scrubbing to prevent damage.
Sealing Protection
After the grout fully cures (∼72 hours), apply a penetrating sealer with a soft brush or roller in a uniform direction. Allow the first coat to dry (2-4 hours), then apply a second coat for enhanced stain and water resistance.
3. Maintenance and Care
(1) Daily Cleaning
Tools and cleaners: Use pH-neutral cleaners (pH 7-8) with soft cloths, sponges, or brushes. Avoid abrasive tools like steel wool or hard brushes.
Avoid acids/alkalis: Do not use acidic (e.g., hydrochloric acid) or alkaline (e.g., strong soap) cleaners, as they can corrode the surface and damage the sealant.
Spill response: Immediately blot spills (e.g., coffee, oil) with paper towels and clean with neutral cleaner to prevent permanent staining.
(2) Regular Maintenance
Sealer renewal: Reapply penetrating sealer every 6-12 months (6 months for wet areas, 12 for dry ones) if water no longer beads on the surface.
Grout inspection: Check every 3-6 months for cracks,脱落, or discoloration. Repair with waterproof grout to prevent moisture infiltration.
Physical protection: Avoid sharp impacts (e.g., knives, metal objects). Use soft pads under furniture to reduce surface abrasion.
(3) Issue Resolution
Localized damage: Remove grout around damaged pieces, replace with new mosaics, regrout, and reseal for consistency.
Dullness: Hire professionals for refinishing-light polishing to remove oxidation, followed by resealing to restore shine.
Stubborn stains: Use specialized deep cleaners (test compatibility first) for penetrated stains (e.g., ink, oil). Follow instructions to avoid damage.